Safety of butylphthalide and edaravone in patients with ischemic stroke: a multicenter real-world study / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Butylphthalide (NBP) and edaravone (EDV) injection are common acute ischemic stroke medications in China, but there is a lack of large real-world safety studies on them. This study aimed to determine the incidence of adverse events, detect relevant safety signals, and assess the risk factors associated with these medications in real-world populations.@*METHODS@#In this study, data of acute ischemic stroke patients were extracted from the electronic medical record database of six tertiary hospitals between January 2019 and August 2021. Baseline confounders were eliminated using propensity score matching. The drugs' safety was estimated by comparing the results of 24 laboratory tests standards on liver function, kidney function, lipid level, and coagulation function. The drugs' relative risk was estimated by logistic regression. A third group with patients who did not receive NBP or EDV was constructed as a reference. Prescription sequence symmetry analysis was used to evaluate the associations between adverse events and NBP and EDV, respectively.@*RESULTS@#81,292 patients were included in this study. After propensity score matching, the NBP, EDV, and third groups with 727 patients in each group. Among the 15 test items, the incidence of adverse events was lower in the NBP group than in the EDV group, and the differences were statistically significant. The multivariate logistic regression equation revealed that NBP injection was not a promoting factor for abnormal laboratory test results, whereas EDV had statistically significant effects on aspartate transaminase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Prescription sequence symmetry analysis showed that NBP had a weak correlation with abnormal platelet count. EDV had a positive signal associated with abnormal results in gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and platelet count.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In a large real-world population, NBP has a lower incidence of adverse events and a better safety profile than EDV or other usual medications.

Antibacterial activity of bacillomycin D-like compounds isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2 against Burkholderia pseudomallei

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect on Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) strain HNBP001 of a bacillomycin D-like cyclic lipopeptide compound named bacillomycin DC isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2. Methods: The antibacterial effect of bacillomycin DC on B. pseudomallei was determined using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated by microdilution assay. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was performed and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was carried out to determine the expression of MexB, OprD2, and qnrS genes. Results: Bacillomycin DC produced an inhibition zone against B. pseudomallei with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 12.5 μg/mL 24 h after treatment and 50 μg/mL at 48 and 72 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed that bacillomycin DC resulted in roughening cell surface and cell membrane damage. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed low expression of MexB, OprD2 and qnrS genes. Conclusions: Bacillomycin DC inhibits the growth of B. pseudomallei and can be a new candidate for antimicrobial agents of B. pseudomallei. Rajaofera Mamy 1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Kang Xun 2 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Jin Peng-Fei 3 Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, Hainan Chen Xin 4 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Li Chen-Chu 5 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Yin Li 6 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Liu Lin 7 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Sun Qing-Hui 8 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Zhang Nan 9 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Chen Chui-Zhe 10 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan He Na 11 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Xia Qian-Feng 12 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Miao Wei-Guo 13 Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, Hainan Kung CT, Lee CH, Li CJ, Lu HI, Ko SF, Liu JW. 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Meta-analysis on effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine against seasonal influenza in children / 中华流行病学杂志

To evaluate the effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in the prevention of seasonal influenza in children aged 2-17 years. Literature retrieval of case-control studies on the effectiveness of LAIV against seasonal influenza in children published from January 2003 to November 2018 was conducted through Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The Stata 13.1 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 14 studies were included in this study, and all were test-negative design (TND) studies. Our Meta-analysis showed that the effectiveness of LAIV in children was 49 (95: 40-57). Subgroup analysis found that the protection rate of LAIV was 35 against influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 (95: 5-56), 35 against influenza A (H3N2) (95: 21-46), and 71 against influenza B (95: 55-82). The protection rates of trivalent LAIV and quadrivalent LAIV in children were 56 (95: 48-63) and 44 (95: 27-57), respectively. The protection rates of LAIV in Europe and North America were 65 (95: 47-77) and 46 (95: 36-55), respectively. LAIV has a certain preventive effect on seasonal influenza in children aged 2-17 years.

Antibacterial activity of bacillomycin D-like compounds isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2 against Burkholderia pseudomallei

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect on Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) strain HNBP001 of a bacillomycin D-like cyclic lipopeptide compound named bacillomycin DC isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2. Methods: The antibacterial effect of bacillomycin DC on B. pseudomallei was determined using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated by microdilution assay. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was performed and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was carried out to determine the expression of MexB, OprD2, and qnrS genes. Results: Bacillomycin DC produced an inhibition zone against B. pseudomallei with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 12.5 μg/mL 24 h after treatment and 50 μg/mL at 48 and 72 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed that bacillomycin DC resulted in roughening cell surface and cell membrane damage. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed low expression of MexB, OprD2 and qnrS genes. Conclusions: Bacillomycin DC inhibits the growth of B. pseudomallei and can be a new candidate for antimicrobial agents of B. pseudomallei.

Progress in research of clinical trials of herpes zoster vaccines / 中华疾病控制杂志

Herpes zoster (HZ) is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, and is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that is latent in sensory ganglia. In recent years, due to various reasons, especially the aging of China's population has become more serious, the incidence of HZ in China has risen sharply. Although HZ is self-limited, its complications will still reduce the quality of life of patients and increase the economic burden of patients' families and society. In order to reduce the incidence and improve the quality of life of the elderly in their later years, the development of safe and effective HZ vaccine may be an important and effective measure. This article aims to make a brief review of the progress in research for clinical trials of HZ vaccines, so as to provide a reference for the use of HZ vaccine and the prevention and control of HZ disease in China.

Bacillomycin D-like compounds isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2 are effective against Burkholderia pseudomallei

Background:Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) is a gram-negative environmental bacterium that causes melioidosis. It has high mortality and relapse rates regardless of powerful antibiotic therapy. Bacterial pathogens display versatile gene expression to adapt to changing surroundings, especially when they are infected by drugs. A cyclic lipopeptide was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HAB-2, which is a bacillomycin D-like compound, named as bacillomycin DC. It is a potent fungicide against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.Methods:We used this kind of bacillomycin DC to be inhibitor of Bp and in order to find out how does it infect the bacterial pathogens. We observed the morphological changes under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) when BP is in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftazidime and bacillomycin DC. Then we used quantificationgene Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure the expression of three drug-assistant genes including MexB, qnrS and oprD2, respectively.Results:Bacillomycin DC treatment caused changes in the shape and microstructure, and the bacterial outer membrane were damaged, the leakage of the cell were observed. The expression level of mexb gene was not high until 72h after ceftazidime and bacillomycin DC treatment. Both ceftazidime and bacillomycin DC caused high expression of oprD2, but higher expression level proves that the DC works more efficiently and quickly. Bacillomycin DC increased the expresssion level of bacteria qnrS gene in 24 h, which proved this compound injured the DNA helicase and topoisomerase of the bacteria in a short time. The results showed that the bacillomycin DC had better inhibitory effects. We also found out that different mechanism of action between ceftazidime and bacillomycin DC.Conclusion:The bacillomycin DC makes bacterial pathogen display more oprD2 and qnrS, which respectively means bacterial pathogen are sensitive to the bacillomycin DC and its DNA gyrase are injured. In short, our study showed for the first time that bacillomycin DC can inhibit Bp in a short time.

Arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water and gastrointestinal fluids by HPLC-ICP-MS / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets (traditional Chinese medicines) in water and gastrointestinal fluids by HPLC-ICP-MS, so as to quantitatively evaluate the arsenical toxicity of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets. METHODS: An HPLC-ICP-MS method for the determination of AsIII, AsV, MMA, DMA and the identification of AsB and AsC was established, and the arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water, gastric fluid, and intestinal fluid was determined and analyzed. RESULTS: The method validation indicated that the correlation coefficients (r) for As, As, MMA, and DMA were all over 0.9994, the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were between 0.66 and 1.19 μg · L-1, the precisions and stabilities were satisfactory with all RS-Ds less than 5%, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 92.78% to 100.2%. The results of samples analysis showed that only inorganic arsenic (As and As) and trace amount of unknown arsenic speciation were detected, while MMA, DMA, AsB, and AsC were not found in any cases; highly toxic inorganic arsenic (As and As) were dominating arsenic speciation of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water and gastrointestinal fluids. CONCLUSION: This method could be used for the arsenic speciation analysis of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets in water and gastrointestinal fluids.

Current situation and development advise on hospital preparation / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To provide references for the development of hospital preparation. METHODS: Current situations for hospital preparation were analyzed, and development advises were provided accordingly. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hospital preparation was facing many difficulties, and the resolutions could involve enforcing policy support, establishing preparation center, optimizing preparation sort, developing traditional Chinese medicine preparation, widening cooperation channel and changing work function.

Metabolites from the endophytic fungus HP-1 of Chinese eaglewood / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To study the chemical constituents from the fermentation of the endophytic fungus HP-1 of Chinese eaglewood.@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.@*RESULTS@#Four compounds were isolated and identified as 3α, 3β, 10β-trimethyl-decahydroazuleno[6, 7]furan-8, 9, 14-triol (1), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2), 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (3), and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (4).@*CONCLUSION@#Compound 1 was a new compound. Compound 2 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Rapid determination of chromium in medicinal capsules by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for rapid determination of chromium (Cr) in medicinal capsules by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). METHODS: With 45Sc as internal st andard element, Cr in medicinal capsules was directly analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion, and this method was compared with the ChP 2010 method (GFAAS method). RESULTS: The correlative coefficient (r) for Cr was 1.000 O, the limit of detection was 0.079 μg · L-1, the precision and stability were satisfactory with all RSDs less than 4%, the spiked recoveries of high, middle and low level ranged from 96.77% to 101.5%, the determined values of tea reference material (GBW 07605) and tomato leaves reference material (SRM 1573a) met well with those certified. Method comparison indicated good accordance between this method and the ChP method. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and accurate, and could be used as an alternative method to the ChP method.

Metabolites from the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. FJ-1 of Ceriops tagal / 药学学报

To investigate the chemical constituents of the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. FJ-1 of Ceriops tagal, the chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Their antibacterial activity was tested by paper disco diffusion method. Two compounds were isolated and identified as 7-hydroxy-deoxytalaroflavone (1), and deoxytalaroflavone (2). Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 1 and 2 showed weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Detection of phenobarbital and seven other sedative hypnotics illegally adulterated into traditional Chinese medicines and health foods by HPLC-DAD / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC-DAD method for the detection of midazolam, phenobarbital, estazolam, oxazepam, nitrazepam, alprazolam, clonazepam and diazepam illegally adulterated into traditional Chinese medicines and health foods. METHODS: An Alltima C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used for the separation with 10 mmol · L-1 ammonium dihydro-gen phosphate (adjusted pH to 2.7 with H3PO4) - acetonitrile (65:35) or 10 mmol · L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted pH to 2.7 with H3PO4) - methanol (40:60) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.5 mL · min-1. The detection wavelength was 220 nm. RESULTS: The method showed good linearity and sensitivity for the 8 compounds with all correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.9997 and all LODs between 4.3 - 13.0 ng · mL-1; the spiked recoveries of low, middle and high levels ranged from 98.08% to 102.1%; the precisions were satisfactory with all RSDs lower than 1.58%; the stability within 12 h was acceptable with the RSDs of peak areas and retention times no more than 1.05% and 0.54%. In the test of 19 samples of different dosage forms, nitrazepam was found in two health foods. CONCLUSION: This method is fast, sensitive and propagable for the detection of 8 sedative hypnotics illegally adulterated into traditional Chinese medicines and health foods. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.